DISCREPANCY BETWEEN ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXICITY INDUCED BY IMIDACLOPRID AND ITS METABOLITES IN APIS MELLIFERA

Polygonum glabrum is being used in traditional and folklore medicine to treat pneumonia and jaundice. Plant roots are used in ayurvedic preparations to treat fever and colic. The leaves are used as diuretic agents and process vermifuge action. Plant decoction is also used in the treatment of Rheumatism. Besides having many uses and folklore claims, herbal medicines are to be thoroughly investigated for their toxicity also. Therefore this work is being carried out to examine the toxicity of the drug and established dose is safe to use in the clinical stage. The current research studied the acute and chronic toxicity of Polygonum glabrum root extract in rats. It is proved that there was no change in any parameter tested both in acute and chronic toxicity, which means the extract is safe and non-toxic at the dose of 2g/kg also.

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Study of acute and chronic toxicity of homeopathic syrup Stodal

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics ◽

10.37489/2587-7836-2020-1-53-58 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 53-58

Author(s):

S. V. Alekseeva ◽

A. V. Sorokina ◽

V. V. Zabrodina ◽

I. A. Miroshkina ◽

A. S. Lapitskaya

Keyword(s):

Chronic Toxicity ◽

Acute And Chronic Toxicity

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Comparison of Joint Effect of Acute and Chronic Toxicity for Combined Assessment of Heavy Metals on Photobacterium sp.NAA-MIE

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126644 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6644

Author(s):

Nur Adila Adnan ◽

Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi ◽

Siti Salwa Abd Gani ◽

Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan ◽

Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Chronic Toxicity ◽

Mixture Toxicity ◽

Joint Effect ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Acute Test ◽

Acute And Chronic Toxicity ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Luminescence Inhibition ◽

Toxicity Unit

Predicting the crucial effect of single metal pollutants against the aquatic ecosystem has been highly debatable for decades. However, dealing with complex metal mixtures management in toxicological studies creates a challenge, as heavy metals may evoke greater toxicity on interactions with other constituents rather than individually low acting concentrations. Moreover, the toxicity mechanisms are different between short term and long term exposure of the metal toxicant. In this study, acute and chronic toxicity based on luminescence inhibition assay using newly isolated Photobacterium sp.NAA-MIE as the indicator are presented. Photobacterium sp.NAA-MIE was exposed to the mixture at a predetermined ratio of 1:1. TU (Toxicity Unit) and MTI (Mixture Toxic Index) approach presented the mixture toxicity of Hg2+ + Ag+, Hg2+ + Cu2+, Ag+ + Cu2+, Hg2+ + Ag+ + Cu2+, and Cd2+ + Cu2+ showed antagonistic effect over acute and chronic test. Binary mixture of Cu2+ + Zn2+ was observed to show additive effect at acute test and antagonistic effect at chronic test while mixture of Ni2+ + Zn2+ showing antagonistic effect during acute test and synergistic effect during chronic test. Thus, the strain is suitable and their use as bioassay to predict the risk assessment of heavy metal under acute toxicity without abandoning the advantage of chronic toxicity extrapolation.

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Effects of a commercially formulated glyphosate solutions at recommended concentrations on honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) behaviours

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80445-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Qi-Hua Luo ◽

Jing Gao ◽

Yi Guo ◽

Chang Liu ◽

Yu-Zhen Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Theoretical Basis ◽

Chronic Toxicity ◽

Sublethal Effects ◽

Significant Decline ◽

Learning Ability ◽

Notification System ◽

Climbing Ability ◽

Behavioural Experiments ◽

Sucrose Responsiveness

AbstractGlyphosate, the active ingredient of the most widely used commercial herbicide formulation, is extensively used and produced in China. Previous studies have reported sublethal effects of glyphosate on honeybees. However, the effects of commercially formulated glyphosate (CFG) at the recommended concentration (RC) on the chronic toxicity of honeybees, especially on their behaviours, remain unknown. In this study, a series of behavioural experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of CFG on honeybees. The results showed that there was a significant decline in water responsiveness at 1/2 × , 1 × and 2 × the RC after 3 h of exposure to CFG for 11 days. The CFG significantly reduced sucrose responsiveness at 1/2 × and 1 × the RC. In addition, CFG significantly affected olfactory learning ability at 1/2 × , 1 × , and 2 × the RC and negatively affected memory ability at 1/2 × and 1 × the RC. The climbing ability of honeybees also significantly decreased at 1/2 × , 1 × and 2 × the RC. Our findings indicated that, after they were chronically exposed to CFG at the RC, honeybees exhibited behavioural changes. These results provide a theoretical basis for regulating field applications of CFG, which is necessary for establishing an early warning and notification system and for protecting honeybees.

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